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Bodybuilding & Muscle Building Techniques

Saturday, December 18, 2004

10 Commandments of Muscle Growth

from Chris McClinch

How Much, What & When to Eat
A Guest Pose Article by Chris McClinch
Every time I have had a client tell me he can not put on muscle mass, I have given him a homework assignment: "Between now and the next time I see you, I want you to keep a log of everything that goes in your mouth. I want to know what you are eating and drinking, how much, and what time you are doing so."

Any guesses what I typically see when I check their food journals? They are lucky to be taking in 1,500 calories a day. They will skip breakfast, eat a big lunch, feel full all day, and then eat a big dinner. Their individual meals may be large, but they are not getting many calories because they are not hungry. You are not going to build much mass that way.

Read the whole article at:10 Commandments of Muscle Growth:

More Muscle Means Better Regulation of Blood Pressure, Study Finds

People with more muscle than fat have increased ability to regulate their blood pressure in response to stress, according to a Medical College of Georgia study. ''Fitness facilitates the ability to regulate blood pressure; fatness impedes your ability to regulate blood pressure through your ability to regulate sodium,'' says Dr. Gregory Harshfield, hypertension researcher and second author on the study in the November issue of the American Journal of Hypertension.

More info at Medical College of Georgia Study

Friday, December 17, 2004

Muscle Building training tips

These are some muscle building weight training tips

  1. Don't follow other people's routines. You do not know how their bodies work, what they take (supplements/ anabolic steroids), how much sleep they get or whether they are telling the truth about their training!
  2. If you are a bodybuilding beginner, stick to the basic movements and do not worry about isolation exercises. You can not define a muscle that does not exist!
    Go with the Squat, Bench Press, Shoulder Press, Chins/Bent-Over Rows, Dead-lift and Barbell Curls. Later on, after you have developed some good muscle mass, you can concentrate on more isolation movements.
  3. Train at most 3 times a week and no more than an hour at a time.
  4. Studies have shown that Testosterone levels start to decline after about 45 minutes of exercising. So if you are training for longer than an hour, then anything you do will probably begin to be counter-productive.
  5. Keep the reps in between 6-12.
  6. Do NOT over-train! Keep it intense and try to "work the muscle", rather than just "lift the weights"! Get a pump and feel your muscles doing the work.
  7. Big muscles take longer to recover than smaller ones.
  8. Fast twitch muscles take longer to recover than slow twitch.
  9. Male bodybuilders recover faster than female bodybuilders.
  10. You recover faster from slow movements than from fast movements.
  11. You recover faster from low intensity training than from high intensity training.
  12. Young bodybuilders recover faster than older folks.
  13. Recovery is speeded up considerably by eliminating (or reducing) the "negative" or "eccentric" portion of the lifting movement.
  14. Sound nutrition and ample rest allow for more rapid recovery.

Thursday, December 16, 2004

What is the Body Mass Index ?

Body Mass Index (BMI) is one of the most accurate ways to determine when extra pounds translate into health risks. Body mass index is a measure which takes into account a person’s weight and height to gauge total body fat in adults. The higher the BMI, the greater the risk of developing additional health problems.

In June 1998, the federal government announced guidelines which create a new definition of a healthy weight. A body mass index of 24 or less. So now a BMI of 25 to 29.9 is considered overweight. Individuals who fall into the BMI range of 25 to 34.9, and have a waist size of over 40 inches for men and 35 inches for women, are considered to be at especially high risk for health problems.

Use the BMI CALCULATOR below to figure your BMI and then refer to the chart to see ranges for a healthy BMI.


Calculate your BMI - Standard BMI Calculator

What Causes Muscle Growth ?

Three main factors are required to promote muscle growth:


  1. Muscular stimulus. Resistance training (weight training) is needed to make the muscles work, use energy and cause microscopic damage to the muscle fibers.
  2. Nutrition - after intense exercise the muscles need to replenish their stores of fuel.
  3. Rest - it is during the rest or recovery phase that the muscles repair the microscopic damage and grow.

Muscle size increases due to hypertrophic adaptation and an increase in the cross section area of individual muscle fibers. Intensive exercise impacts more on the strength influencing fast twitch type II fibers, therefore the increase in muscle size is accompanied by greater strength. This will deplete the muscle's energy stores and cause microscopic damage to the muscle tissue.

During recovery, these stores of glycogen and phosphocreatine will replenish from carbohydrates and creatine ingested as food or supplements. Amino acids supplied in the diet will trigger the protein synthesis that repairs the damaged muscle and lead to the creation of bigger muscle fibers. To achieve continuous improvement you will need to keep reaching for higher levels of training intensity otherwise the improvement process will grind to a halt.

Fortunately, this is relatively easy to plan for provided certain basic principles and rules are clearly followed. Subsequent articles in this series will examine these principles in detail.

Wednesday, December 15, 2004

BIOENERGETIC PATHWAYS

When you work out at the gym you put a lot of effort to increase your muscle mass, decrease your bodyfat percentage or, simply, to be fit, But you know how your body really works? There are 2 kinds of exercise: aerobic/cardiovascular exercise and resistence exercise. Each of these two types entails the use of different bioenergetic pathways to produce the energy required to perform the exercise.

To simplify, the aerobic/cardio type, as the name implies, primarily taxes the cardiovascular system and uses an aerobic (with oxigen) pathway. Most of your daily energy needs, including your needs right now while reading this article, are fulfilled through this pathway.The aerobic pathway is the lowest and can not be used to fuel explosive, high intensity exercise.However, the aerobic bioenergetic pathway can produce energy indefinitely because it taps into the richest energy source available to the human body: fat. In addition, aerobic energy production does not result in waste byproducts, such as latic acid, which at high concentrations cause temporary muscle failure.

The other family of exercise, resistance exercise, places most of the stress on the skeletal muscles.
This type involves the anaerobic (without oxigen) bioenergetic pathways: ATP/CP and glycolysis. At first, it may seem peculiar that muscular work can proceed in the absence of oxigen. But, the basic
energy unit for all human activity is ATP. The human body has a limited supply of ATP (located along with glycogen and creatine phosphate in the muscles) on hand to use for inmediate energy needs.
You only have enough inmediately available stored ATP for one momentory, maximal burst of muscular output. After that, a compound called creatine phosphate (CP) swings into action donating phosphate molecules to convert spent adenosine diphosphate (ADP) back into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), thus regenerating your ATP supply. From the moment readily available ATP is depleted, available energy per second declines and so does maximal muscle contraction force, as other fuel sources must be converted to ATP. After the first few seconds, during which stored ATP is exhausted and CP is tapped, muscular power output drops-off slightly. In practical terms, if you are straining at maximum effort to lift a weight, and it has not gone up within four seconds, it´s not going up. During the short window of time when "high energy phosphates" (ATP/CP) are used exclusively, neither protein, nor fat, nor carbohydrate, nor even oxygen is required. Within seconds, the window of completely anaerobic activity closes, at which point, if maximal effort persists, a different bioenergetic pathway is engaged.

After about 10 seconds of maximal muscular effort, both ATP and CP become depleted, and glycogen becomes the predominant fuel source; this is the glycolitic bioenergetic pathway. At this point, with glycogen being used to phosphorylate ADP into ATP, muscular power output drops-off further because of the slower rate of energy transfer via glycolysis. When glycolysis is the primary pathway utilized, maximal effort will only produce 45% - 70% maximum output. This is why in Track & Field, the 100 meter sprint lasts between 10-12 seconds (after that it´s no longer sprint)

Technically, since maximum muscle contraction cannot be maintained beyond 5-6 seconds, even the 100 meter sprint is not a maximal output competition (in contrast to powerlifting, the javelin, the shot-put, or the 40 yard dash). With victory in the 100 meter sprintm ussually coming down to a fraction of a second, them winner is often the person who slow down the least from the midway point to the finish line. One byproduct of glycolysis is latic acid, which is the responsible for the familiar burn that accompanies high intensity exercise and which contributes to the momentary muscle failure that occurs with this type of exercise. The accumulation of latic acid indicates that you are incurring an oxigen debt. Anaerobic glycolysis allows for energy formation even though oxigen supply is inadequate relative to the demands of the activity. Like all debts, the oxygen debt must be repaid. Oxigen is necessary to replenish high energy phosphates depleted by exercise, and to clear-away latic acid. This explains why, after a short burst of intensity, you breath heavily; you are paying back the oxigen debt that was incurred during the anaerobic period.

If you train with weights, you know that you can lift more wheight if you wait longer between sets. This is because lactic acid, which impairs muscle function, is increasingly removed over time and high-energy phosphates are regenerated during these brief mini recovery periods. Lower intensity exercise, on the other hand, uses the "pay as you go" aerobic pathway, in which there is no oxigen debt. Thus, with low intensity aerobic exercise lactic acid does not accumulate, distinct and abrupt muscular failure does not occur, and respiratory rate remains stable.
Trained athletes incur less oxigen debt at a given intensity level due to a higher blood lactate threshold
resulting from enhanced lactate clearance. In fact, the difference in lactate treshold between trained and untrained can be quite dramatic; and along with improvements in neuromuscular efficiency, thsi accounts for much of what commonly termed "strentgh" and "endurance". Increase lactate treshold is one of the many stress specific adaptations that occur in response to exercise. Weight training is a classic example of an activity that draws heavily on the ATP/CP and glycolitic pathways and which thereby, causes improved efficiency of the systems.

Resuming, fat can only be burned in the presence of oxigen (through the aerobic bioenergetic pathway, which is used for 95% of daily energy needs) Glucose and glycogen can also be used in the presence of oxigen (although, as I explained above, for short periods sugar can be burned without oxigen to satisfy high intensity exercise) What percentage of sugar or fat you use for 95% of your activity depends on which metabolic pathway is dominant, the sugar-burning or the fat-burning pathway. This balance depends on your diet, exercise and hormone balance

Tuesday, December 14, 2004

Acute Overtraining

Every competitive bodybuilder knows about that massive growth period that follows a competition. In fact many bodybuilders compete annually just for the gains that come afterward. Coming down you may be a certain weight at a certain condition say 2101b at a six percent bodyweight. Yet after the show you hit 2101b in much better condition. The difference is rock solid tissue. Why?


There are alt sorts of theories floating around but the most logical answer is that the body is compensating for the stress placed on it during the latter stages of the diet. What is meant by this is what physiologists refer to as the adaptive response. The old adage. Place a ten horse power load on a nine horse power body and you get a ten horse power body. The pre-contest diet if worked to the limit is a massive overload. It stretches your physical and mental resolve to the absolute limit. The masters of this are people like John Hodgson, who take it beyond the capacity of normal human endurance and achieve unreasonable levels of condition. Yet this massive effort has its rewards. Apart from the trophy on the mantelpiece it is a fact the harder the preparation the greater the mass rebound afterwards.



The question that comes to mind is what about overtraining at these times. If that is the case, why do we grow? The answer lies in the fact that the muscular growth does not occur during the over training period as we run down into a show but afterward. What happens after the show? Rest, tots of food, little or no training. The truth is the body is not growing when it is training , but when it is resting. Train as hard as you like as long as you give yourself adequate time to get over it. I suggest that there is no such thing as overtraining what we are realty looking at is under recovering. The contest phase is a clear example. Bodybuilders do hundreds of sets, thousands of hours of aerobics, low food, less sleep, they bombard their bodies with alt sorts of toxic compounds, dehydrate, carb deplete and load. Yet despite all this, the body grows like it is going out of fashion as soon as it gets adequate rest. This makes a mockery of the current views on overtraining is the key to maximum results. To be fair I got this idea from Tom Platz. Tom was known for eye popping blood and guts workouts. He was also known for freaky mass.



The two go hand in hand. He who trains the hardest will ultimately be the biggest. I accept that bodybuilding is not just about size but given the same symmetry and condition then the bigger the better As the saying goes "Jockeys should ride horses, bodybuilders should crack the pavement when they walk." The next step is to bring this concept into everyday training. It would be impracticable to compete every month and that would not work for obvious reasons.



The key is to simulate in mini cycles the events that surround a competition.



Recently I tried a method where I trained all out for three weeks. Peat Batts to the wall stuff. By the end of it I could hardly stand. I didn’t want to get out of bed let atone train. I hit each body part three times a week on a two way split. Each workout I pushed the weights or reps up and maintained this progress for three weeks, which was nine full workouts. Everything ached. My morning pulse was up. I had a tow level headache and a loss of appetite. All the classic symptoms of acute overtraining. Admittedly this state only came in the last week.



I then eased off dropped down three gears back to my eight day cycle. Hitting each body part once every eight days. For the first week I did just one set per body part using the maximum weights I had achieved during the last three weeks. I hammered the nutrition and got ten hours sleep a night. The second week was pretty much the same although I climbed to two sets which is my normal heavy duty system. By the end of the second week my enthusiasm was back and my overall weight was up two pounds from before the cycle. I was looking full again and my appetite was one hundred percent. The third week I kept it down at two or three sets per body part I did some forced reps and negatives in my usual style. I gained another pound. I was up three lean pounds in six weeks and feeling on top of the world. It had worked. I had driven my body into acute overtraining and then pulled back to allow it to adapt to the workload. I had gained three pounds of muscle and my weights were up an average of 12% across the board. I now realise that overtraining is not the enemy, it is an ally. A weapon in the war against being small and weak. When it comes to genetics I am not Ronnie Coleman and must work with what I have. My answer is to constantly strive for new and better ways to pile on the mass in the right places.



In the end I will have made myself the best I can be and that is the essence of bodybuilding. This is an advanced training technique for those in rut. Putting it to work in the everyday sense comes from cycling. As we said a two week hard one week easy works well for almost everyone, however some individuals (usually those less able to train all out) can go on another week before overtraining sets in.

Grow Muscle Right Now !

Previously Unknown "THUMB TRICK" Provides Potent Power For Pumping Up Your Pecs!
By The "Muscle Nerd" Jeff Anderson


Any bodybuilder worth his salt knows that to REALLY add some flare to his pecs, he MUST add Incline Dumbbell Flyes to his chest routine.
But now there's a way to make this powerful exercise even MORE effective using a breakthrough THUMB maneuver for more FORCEFUL CONTRACTIONS.
Can't finger it out. I mean FIGURE it out? Here's how YOU can take advantage of this awesome new tactic.

On an incline bench (set to no MORE than 30 degrees incline), hold a dumbbell in each hand at the starting position (arms extended above you, palms facing each other).
With your arms slightly bent, perform a standard flye by slowly lowering your arms to the side. BUT.
As you lower them, instead of keeping your hands and wrists LOCKED, ROTATE your hands so that your THUMBS point TOWARD THE CEILING at the bottom of the movement. (Make sure you feel a good stretch in your chest at the bottom.)
While focusing on contracting your chest muscles (rather than your arms), quickly raise both arms to the starting position while ROTATING your hands so that your palms face each other again.
This maneuver actually creates an isolated range of motion movement within your pecs resulting in increased muscle contraction and fiber stimulation.

To prove it, try this
Hold one arm in the flye position while placing your other hand on the chest muscle of the "working arm".
Now go through the motion of a "regular" flye with your wrists locked, while feeling the muscle movement with your other hand.
Once you've reached the bottom of the movement, hold your arm position and rotate your hand back and forth between the thumb "up" and the "normal" position.
Feel that movement in your upper pec?
Good! Now stick a dumbbell in your hand and get ready to GROW!



The "Muscle Nerd's" no-nonsense program, Optimum Anabolics, breaks the mold on building MASSIVE MUSCLE without expensive supplements or misleading gimmicks! Check it out NOW at...


www.grow-muscle-right-now.com

Nutrition Tips to Improve Fat Loss

by Rick DeToma

Incorporating these fat loss tips will improve your nutrition program. Start off slowly and add one a week, you don't have to adopt all of them at once. Before long, you have cleaned up your nutrition program and on your way to reaching your goal. Trendy diets, fads and the infomercial product of the month, are not going to help you reach your weight loss goals. A well thought-out nutrition and exercise program will.
  • Eat breakfast Proven time and again, those who eat breakfast are more successful at controlling their weight than those that don't. Plus, when doing strength training exercises (and you know you should be), it's even more important to make certain you fuel those muscles after an overnight fast. The perfect time for burning fat because glycogen, blood glucose and insulin levels are all low. Unfortunately, it may also be perfect for burning muscle, because glycogen levels are low, and levels of the catabolic stress hormone cortisol are high. If you skip breakfast and eat lunch at noon, you are not only in a highly catabolic (muscle wasting) state, you are also sending an unmistakable starvation signal to your body.
  • Eat less sugar Start reading labels! Sugar is hidden in almost every commercial food item. A single tablespoon of ketchup gets 3 of its 4 grams of carbs from sugar. A 12 oz can of cola has a staggering 40 grams of sugar, and ALL of the carbs in a cola are sugar! Why does that matter? Simple sugars are digested very quickly and cause a rapid spike in blood sugar. Your body then releases large amounts of insulin. Insulin quickly clears the glucose from the bloodstream leading to low blood sugar (hypoglycemia.) Low blood sugar causes cravings, hunger, weakness, mood swings and decreased energy. These cravings for sugar result in a vicious cycle of ups and downs in blood sugar levels throughout the day.
  • Eat More Often Studies have shown that those who eat 4-6 smaller meals per day have less body fat than those eating 2-3 meals a day, even if both groups eat about the same number of calories. This is because of maintaining steady blood sugar levels. Too much insulin activates fat storage enzymes and forces fat in the bloodstream into fat cells for storage. High insulin levels also inhibit enzymes that promote the breakdown of existing stored body fat. You can manage your blood sugar and insulin levels by choosing fewer simple carbohydrates, more complex carbohydrates, eating fiber and having your carbohydrates with lean proteins approximately every three hours.
  • Eat protein Be sure to include enough protein for your level of activity (you are exercising. Right?) Protein speeds up your metabolism because your body has to work harder to digest, process, and utilize it compared to fats or carbs. The "thermic" effect of protein is one of the reasons that a higher protein diet is more effective for fat loss than a diet high in fat or carbs. Too much of any food can be stored as body fat, but protein is less likely to be converted to fat than any other nutrient.
  • Eat nothing from a box The closer your food is to nature the better off you are. Have you looked at the ingredients list in most packaged food these days? You need to be a scientist to figure out what half the ingredients are. Stick to real, wholesome foods, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, etc. Eat your vegetables I don't mean fast food french fries. Try to get as many vegetable servings into your meals as you can. It's nearly impossible to over eat vegetables. They are full of fiber and will help keep you full between meals. They also contain loads of antioxidants. Raw is great, steamed is another good way to have them. Hold the heavy cheese sauces please!
  • Eat protein and carbs together If you want to keep your blood sugar in check, then don't eat your carbs by themselves. Strive to always have balanced meals of protein, carbs and healthy fats. You'll feel better and your muscles will thank you.
  • Prepare your own food Best for several reasons…It's cheaper than eating out, you know exactly what you are eating, and it saves time. It takes no more time to cook up 6 healthy chicken breasts than it does to cook one or two. Make things easy. Prepare them over the weekend and your lunches for the next few days are done. While you are at it, put on a pot of brown or wild rice, or bake up some sweet potatoes and you're good to go.
  • Drink water LOTS! Most people are already dehydrated. Strive to drink a gallon a day. If you drink a lot of coffee, then you need an extra 8 oz for each cup of coffee. Exercise will put more demands on your fluid levels. You need water. Drink 50-75% of your body weight in ounces of water. Add an additional 16 oz for strenuous exercise. No complaining!
  • Get more exercise Get some exercise on most days of the week, and alternate between strength training exercises and cardio training. If you are a beginner, shoot for two weight workouts a week and progress to 3 or more depending upon your goals. Get in as many cardio sessions as your schedule will allow, but aim for at least 3. Commit to adopting these nutrition program changes and you'll be well on your way to reaching your weight loss goal, whether it's ten pounds or many more. Sound nutrition and exercise will always succeed in the long run. Don't give into the temptation of fads. The information contained in this article is strictly for informational purposes and is not intended to provide medical advice. If you are sedentary or over 40 please get clearance from a doctor before starting an exercise program.

The Pain When You Gain: Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

by: Jon Gestl

Nothing is more frustrating than the pain and discomfort that occurs in the days that follow a workout. The common muscle soreness and stiffness experienced one to two days after a workout may be so uncomfortable, particularly to the new exerciser, that it may discourage future workout attempts. As someone once said after her first workout, "What is the use of getting fit if I can not even get out of bed in the morning?"
Every exerciser, regardless of experience, deals with sore and stiff muscles following a particular workout. It is important to understand why this occurs and what to do about it in order to deal with this common, although irritating, phenomenon.
Why do I feel so much pain after a workout?
The typical muscle soreness experienced in the days following a workout is referred to as Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) and is characterized by stiffness, pain and sometimes weakness in the exercised muscles. The soreness can last several days after a workout, with the height of the pain occurring about 48 hours following the workout activity.
Studies report that DOMS is most likely the result of microscopic damage or tearing of muscle fibers with the amount of damage correlated to the intensity, amount, and kind of exercise that occurs. DOMS is also related to an individuals exercise history, and is most typical among those who are either starting out in an exercise program or those who change the intensity or type of exercise.
DOMS appears to be strongly affected by eccentric muscle actions. Commonly referred to as the "negative" part of an exercise, eccentric action occurs when a muscle resists while it is forced to lengthen. This action happens in movements such as descending stairs, downhill running, and landing a jump, or with the lowering movements in exercises such as squats, lunges or pushups.
Although there is no conclusive proof, researchers have suggested that DOMS may also be related to inflammation that occurs in and around a muscle. Swelling may occur following exercise, which increases pressure and causes discomfort.
But I can not get out of be. How do I deal with this?
Although no surefire documented method exists to entirely get rid of DOMS, some treatments may temporarily alleviate some of the discomfort, such as application of ice, ultrasound and anti-inflammatory medication (aspirin, ibuprofen). Massage may also reduce some of the symptoms, but this method has not been proven.
As the saying goes, "time heals all wounds." DOMS usually dissipates within 3 to 7 days following exercise with no special treatment. Severe pain lasting longer than this time frame may indicate an acute injury and should be treated by a medical professional.
How can I prevent this from happening again?
There is no known technique or drug that entirely prevents DOMS. However, there may be some things you can do before you exercise to keep DOMS at a minimum. Popular fitness theory suggests warming up thoroughly then gently stretching both before and after exercise. Training with your limitations in mind is always a smart idea, building intensity over time rather than attempting an all-out effort on your first try.
The good news: The best prevention is regular exercise. Studies have demonstrated that continued training acts in a preventative fashion to reduce muscle soreness. Regular endurance training, specifically, has been shown to be a method of preventing the onset of DOMS.
The typical soreness experienced after training, or DOMS, is part of the process of getting stronger and reaching your fitness goals. The best method to reduce this somewhat frustrating part of starting or modifying a fitness program is none other than consistent effort.





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